Loss of skin’s pigment-producing cells could be related to basement membrane disruption

Skin pigmentation disorders affect people across the world. One of them, vitiligo, is said to have a worldwide incidence of 1–2%. What causes the loss of pigmentation in vitiligo has long been unclear, but an Osaka Metropolitan University-led team has uncovered clues to the mechanism behind the disorder.

In findings published in The Journal of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine Specially Appointed Associate Professor Lingli Yang, the corresponding author, and researchers including Specially Appointed Professor Ichiro Katayama found that disruptions to the basement membrane zone between the epidermis and dermis could be making it harder for pigment-producing cells to adhere to the affected zone.

They also discovered an overexpression of an enzyme in vitiligo-affected skin. Too much of this enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), might be causing the disturbance to the basement membrane.

An experiment using model mice with vitiligo-like depigmentation showed recovery of pigment-producing cells when MMP2 was suppressed.

“The results of this study potentially provide a new method for the treatment of vitiligo,” Professor Yang suggested. “In particular, by suppressing MMP2, the hope is that pigment-producing cells will return to the skin.”