Friday, November 8, 2024
Home Latest Health News Study shows treatment for autoimmune disorder shifts balance of immune cell types

Study shows treatment for autoimmune disorder shifts balance of immune cell types

by Medical Xpress
0 comment


Kobe University neurologist Chihara Norio discovered how a known treatment against neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, an autoimmune disease, works: The treatment, which blinds immune cells to inflammatory signals, changes B cells’ function and induces them to become inflammation-suppressing “regulatory B cells” that secrete anti-inflammatory signals. The team also uncovered a molecular marker by which to identify these cells. Credit: Chihara Norio

Autoimmune diseases cannot currently be cured, only treated, and this is also true for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, which affects the central nervous system. A Kobe University study of how the treatment acts on the immune system shows that it shifts the balance of types of immune cells. This finding may represent a step toward the development of personalized medicine for autoimmune diseases.

The research appears in Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation.

An autoimmune disease is the body’s immune system turning against parts of the body itself. Neuromyelitis optica disorder spectrum, or NMOSD, is one of them and it causes inflammation of the , leading to vision and sensory loss, weakness and bladder dysfunction. The condition, which sometimes flares up in waves, has a treatment consisting of blinding the immune system to inflammation-promoting signals. But its biological action is broad, and it is also not understood why it doesn’t work in some patients, or how to effectively ascertain which is the case.

Kobe University neurologist Chihara Norio specializes in the disease and explained, “B cells are a type of key immune cell that respond to inflammatory signals, and in like NMOSD, they produce antibodies against part of the body itself, exacerbating the condition. Therapies that inhibit inflammatory signals were therefore expected to change the activity of B cells in NMOSD.

“Since we observed that B cells were still present in the blood of patients after treatment, we decided to investigate the possibility that they were changing into a different type of B cell.”

Chihara refers to so-called “regulatory B-cells,” a type of B cell that attenuates the immune system’s activity by secreting anti-inflammatory signal molecules and is thought to play an important role in keeping the body’s immune system from becoming too active, and in the case of autoimmune diseases may prevent disease flares.

The Kobe University team now reports that they created an experimental model of the immune cells during an NMOSD flare and could thus trace the effect of the drug on the different kinds of B cells. With the drug, there was a marked increase in the secretion of the anti-inflammatory signal, confirming their idea that not the number but the function of B cells responds to the treatment

In addition, Chihara’s team was also able to identify a molecular marker for B cells producing anti-inflammatory signals, a sort of ID that enables tracing the cells’ abundance. Having confirmed that healthy individuals and those under effective treatment show higher proportions of these cells than individuals in acute phases of the disease, Chihara thinks that this knowledge will enable clinicians to easily determine the effectiveness of the in future diagnoses and thus is a step towards more personalized medicine.

Thinking about the bigger picture, the Kobe University neurologist thinks that this study will contribute to becoming able to not only treat but actually cure autoimmune diseases. He explains, “The essence of autoimmune diseases is a breakdown of autoimmune tolerance, the system that prevents us from attacking our own bodies. Our ultimate goal is to cure the disease by restoring this autoimmune tolerance, and the results of this study show one aspect of our work towards this goal.”

More information:
Interleukin-6 signaling blockade induces regulatory plasmablasts in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation (2024). DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200266

Provided by
Kobe University


Citation:
Study shows treatment for autoimmune disorder shifts balance of immune cell types (2024, June 18)
retrieved 18 June 2024
from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-06-treatment-autoimmune-disorder-shifts-immune.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.





Source link

You may also like

Leave a Comment

Edtior's Picks

Latest Articles

All Rights reserved, site designed by Yellohost.co.za